RE: open fiber control in PAM-5
Patrick,
Summary: Yes, open fiber control could simply (less than 50 gates) and
easily reduce transceiver costs for WDM, PAM, and Parallel transceivers (and
maybe even serial). Perhaps, now that the transceiver companies have figured
out how difficult the budgets are to achieve with low-cost optics, it is
time to address this in greater earnest.
We have discussed this strategy a number of times at various HSSG meetings.
It was, in point of fact, first brought up by yours truly at the "call for
interest meeting" last March. It is certainly not popular with transciever
companies. Even so, personally, I don't think that people are being quite
fair here. One does not need to utilize timing at all to make "OFC" work.
Each of the colors or fibers (i.e., each laser) can be designed to be
inherently laser safe (NOFC-like). You just can't turn on more than one
laser in the multi-laser system until the link is closed. It is very simple
logic to design. Dead simple. For a four laser system, you potentially
increase the optical power usable by 4X or 6 dBm. Since timing would not be
used, distance and latency would not enter into the equation (even for
multihop systems like FC-Loop; a 10 Gig FC-loop! Yikes!).
In the case of PAM-X, the Rx must be able to correctly detect the lowest
level signal. This lowest level signal could therefore easily be used to
check for a closed link. The system would simply not use the higher power
signals required by the coding until the closed link was detected. This, for
PAM-5, would also allow a 4X or 6 dBm effective increase in power in the
link.
The funny thing is, if the SERIAL transceivers used this same trick (yep it
would probably add a Mux and resistor divider to the DC control circuit on
the laser and modify the sense circuit on the light detection circuit, which
is likely needed anyway due to the long run lengths of zero's being
proposed), even the serial guys could fix some power budget problems.
Like with the original OFC based system, this additional power and power
budget can be traded off AGAINST higher sensitivity and tighter
manufacturing tolerances, thereby reducing the cost of the transceiver (the
original goal for FC-OFC). While it is true that FC threw out FC-OFC, my
recollection was that this was primarily due to the TIMING problems
encountered running FC-Loop over optics, which is not a problem here
(remember, no timing). It is also the case that there were companies that
did not meet the timing specifications because they forgot to include the
turn-on and sense delays of the analog portion of the laser's DC control
circuit to the overall timing equation. After shipping product this way for
a fair period of time, these companies asked the FC group to go back and
modify the timing numbers to allow them to "meet spec." The problem was not
with the original specification or the concept, but because we had to find a
set of numbers that several companies could all say they met. Not being able
to find any, we had to revamp the entire definition to prove that equipment
in the field would continue to work. It does. The last issue with FC's OFC
was the 10 second max time delay for turn on. This was, again, an artifact
of the use of timing and, again, not an issue here.
None of these issues apply to the scheme above (and below).
I believe that some WDM advocates do not like the idea of using OFC (this
non-timed version) because the losses in the Tx optical system (laser to
fiber path) are sufficiently severe that they can't run the lasers any
hotter anyway. For some of the parallel fiber people, some interesting
mathematical games are played in order to argue that the light from the
multiple fibers don't quite add.... Both of these seem to be rather
short-sighted positions.
jonathan
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-stds-802-3-hssg@xxxxxxxx
> [mailto:owner-stds-802-3-hssg@xxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of Patrick Gilliland
> Sent: Saturday, February 26, 2000 4:46 PM
> To: stds-802-3-hssg@xxxxxxxx
> Cc: kardontchik.jaime@xxxxxxxxxxx
> Subject: Re: open fiber control in PAM-5
>
>
>
> Jaime,
>
> No doubt there are schemes to overcome any
> difficulty such as the Class 1 power limitations
> imposed by the IEC and CDRH.
>
> The option of using Open Fiber Control does not
> seem to be particularly attractive. During the
> FC-0 days of Fibre Channel it was used to overcome
> the same Class 1 power limitations.
>
> A great deal of time and effort was spent trying to
> create an OFC protocol which would guarantee multi-
> vendor interoperability. We even had an OFC working
> group to address these issues. The FC-0 equipment
> which is still in service today is in many cases, not
> interoperable because of OFC timing incompatibilities.
>
> This is especially true at longer distances, as the
> latency requires longer and longer OFC related outages
> as the interested parties wait for the other partner to
> respond with the correct sequence of pulses before they
> initiate full duty cycle transmission. I believe Fibre
> Channel correctly eliminated an obstacle to interoperable
> systems in FC-1. Sometimes simple is better.
>
> Best Regards,
>
> Pat Gilliland
> patgil@xxxxxxxxxxx
>
> -----------------------------------------------------
>
>
> At 02:55 PM 2/22/00 -0800, you wrote:
> >
> >Hello 10G'ers,
> >
> >I would like to eliminate another misconception
> >regarding the serial at 5 Gbaud vs the 4-WDM
> >at 1.25 Gbaud approaches in PAM-5: the supposed
> >signal power advantage of the serial approach
> >due to eye-safety limits.
> >
> >I will show below that the launched power
> >PER CHANNEL in 4-WDM can be safely set at the
> >same level as the total launched power in the
> >serial approach, due to the redundancy in
> >its receiver (no single point of failure).
> >
> > ---> Since the launched power level per
> > transmitter of the serial and 4-WDM
> > approaches will be the same, 4-WDM will
> > enjoy a 12 dB advantage in SNR, due to
> > its receiver bandwidth being 4 times
> > smaller (same signal power, much smaller
> > noise power).
> >
> >The key is in the "open fiber control" method.
> >How do I envision this method in the PAM-5
> >specific case ?
> >
> >In a serial approach using, for example, 850 nm
> >lasers, the maximum launched power is -4 dBm.
> >
> >In a 4-WDM approach we could use the following
> >procedure to keep the launched power PER CHANNEL
> >at -4 dBm (for a total launched power of +2 dBm)
> >and still ensure a safe-eye environment:
> >
> >1) When a near-end node is connected to a link
> >and powered-up it will transmit a signal at -4 dBm
> >using only ONE transmitter and keep the other
> >three transmitters off. In this way the eye-safety
> >limit is satisfied.
> >
> >2) The near-end node will remain in this state
> >for as long as it does not sense a signal in
> >any of its four receivers.
> >
> >3) Also the far-end node, when it is powered-on,
> >will do the same: transmit on only one channel
> >using the maximum -4 dBm allowed for eye-safety
> >considerations.
> >
> > It makes sense to use only one transmitter
> > after power-up to send a life signal to a
> > potential partner on the other side of the
> > link, just to conserve power consumption
> > as long as there is no answer from the other
> > side.
> >
> > Which transmitter should be used for sending
> > this life signal ? For reasons that will
> > become obvious later, the best choice is
> > the transmitter that sends the PAM-5 encoded
> > TA symbols, following the nomenclature of
> > the 1000BASE-T standard (*)
> >
> > For the following, remember that each
> > receiver has four channels, named RA, RB,
> > RC, RD.
> >
> >4) If any of the two partners senses and recognizes
> > a signal in its RA-receiver, it will go
> > to the next state of its state machine: it
> > will switch-on the other three transmitters and
> > begin transmitting IDLES, with each transmitter
> > using a full -4 dBm launched power.
> >
> > The advantage of using only the TA-transmitter
> > during the first step of establishing a link
> > becomes now obvious: in the 1000BASE-T,
> > the RA-receiver has the capability to
> > synchronize the receiver descrambler to
> > the transmitter scrambler, by just using
> > only the information embedded in the
> > transmitted TA-symbols.
> >
> > Hence, there is no danger that the receiver
> > will confuse a spurious signal with the real
> > signal: it has to be able to synchronize
> > its descrambler and verify that the
> > synchronization is indeed correct using just
> > the embedded information in the transmitted
> > TA-symbols, in order to make a positive
> > identification. Without this identification
> > it will not switch 'on' the other three
> > transmitters.
> >
> >5) During normal operation, if any partner suddenly
> > ceases to receive signals on ANY of its four receivers
> > (that are tuned to four different wavelengths)
> > during more than, say, 1 millisecond, it will switch
> > back to its previous state, that is, shut off
> > three transmitters and send a life signal
> > using only one transmitter at - 4 dBm. This
> > might be the case, for instance, when a
> > technician opens the link at any point
> > between the two partners.
> >
> > (the loss of signal is easier to detect than
> > the existence and validation of a real signal,
> > hence, a very simple and robust no-signal-detect
> > circuit may be used).
> >
> > Notice that the four receivers, that are tuned
> > to four different wavelengths, must malfunction
> > in order to miss the "open link" event. It is
> > this redundancy in a 4-WDM system that allows
> > the use of a total + 2 dBm launched power during
> > normal operation.
> >
> >The above procedure could also be a replacement of the
> >PHY Control State Diagram, Figure 40-15, of the
> >1000BASE-T standard (with further details to be added
> >later), since in 10 GbE we do not need the concept of
> >"master" and "slave" and loop timing used in 1 GbE
> >(that was used there to eliminate the Echo and NEXT
> >interferers).
> >
> >(*) during normal operation, after the link has been
> > established, a transceiver sends through its four
> >transmitters quartets of PAM-5 symbols, {TA,TB,TC,TD},
> >with TA = {+2,+1,0,-1,-2} and similar for TB,TC,TD.
> >
> >Jaime
> >
> >Jaime E. Kardontchik
> >Micro Linear
> >San Jose, CA 95131
> >email: kardontchik.jaime@xxxxxxxxxxx
> >
> >
> >
> >
>