RE: [802.3af] RE: Startup and PD input cap
Peter and all,
See my comments below.
Thanks
Yair.
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Schwartz, Peter [SMTP:Peter.Schwartz@xxxxxxxxxx]
> Sent: ε ιεπι 15 2001 19:49
> To: Dave Dwelley; Yair Darshan
> Cc: 'stds-802-3-pwrviamdi@xxxxxxxx'; 'bruce.inn@xxxxxxxxxx'
> Subject: [802.3af] RE: Startup and PD input cap
>
>
> Yair, Dave, All:
>
> Technically, I don't challenge Yair's calculations, nor Dave's
> corroboration
> of those calculations.
> I do have concerns regarding many of the same system
> issues as Dave raises,
[Yair Darshan] If it can help to reduce your concerns regarding the
issues raised by Dave, please note the following.
1. PD's with out inrush current limit are working with out any of
the problems raised by Dave all over the world by many vendors.
It is implementation issue and not conceptual issue. Good design
will always work. Bad designs not, regardless of the
concept.
2. If you can be more specific as for your concerns, I am sure that
we could find the implementation that will solve it.
If you use inrush current limit in the PD you will have much
more concerns to be worry about and yet it is not a bad
concept and its success is function of how well it is
implemented.
3. The question is what is the best solution. I believe that the
best solution is the one that meets system requirements
and nothing more with minimum components. The "minimum
components" is important not only from the cost side. it is important as a
concept in which "minimum components" equal to less parameters to worry and
less parameters to specify.
Minimum components is just KIS. Keep It Simple.
4. I know that the best concept is as we have specified in May
interim in which "The PSE will limit inrush current up to 50uF in the PD and
the PD will limit the inrush current for caps greater than 50uF."
The only issue here is the 50uF number. In order to increase the
scale of PD's that will not force to have inrush current limit,
I have tried to see if the 50uF can be increased to higher number.
Calculations shows that we can do it with out impairing the ability to
integrate chips or multi-port chip in the PSE with very large margin.
> as well as one other. That other is as follows:
>
> Granted, we agreed in St. Louis to only specify single-port power-up time.
> I do NOT take that to mean that most PSE vendors - or most PD users - will
> be willing to wait until their port is serviced in what is now being
> proposed as a round-robin one-at-a-time fashion, from a multiport PSE
> power
> control IC.
[Yair Darshan] Nobody is suggesting it. It is again a matter of
implementation. The suggestion is that Port number N can be in startup mode
once in a second. Now you want to connect new port. Until you think to do it
and until you actually plug the PD to the connector you are long time passed
this 1sec.
The point is that the chance that two different users will plug at
the same time two PD's at the same system is zero.
And if it is zero + delta, I, as a system designer don't want to pay
for this Delta since I don't need it.
In addition, you can reduce the period to 500mSec and still you
would be O.K.
This is not round-robin. It is "the first one that was connected
will get service now"
And last. We agreed for 1sec single port insertion time. We all
agreed that what happens after we have 44V-57V we don't care.
Now, we all know that bootup can be 5-20second long. So this is the
bottle neck and not how much I should wait for startup.
This issue is covered under the single port insertion time.
> To slow things to a 4-second average, 8-second worst-case PD
> power-up is probably not our intention, no matter how precisely we pick at
> the St. Louis wording. Even the 8-second timing given above is way too
> generous, for it is necessary to keep in mind that the ~ 1 Joule figure
> which Dave has given us is based on very low duty cycle (virtually
> single-pulse events).
>
>
> Eight such events in succession would be likely to
> grossly overheat any reasonable IC package, and the contents thereof.
>
[Yair Darshan] Can you supply more specific data (Package size,
thermal characteristics etc.)
Please note again that we don't have a
situation of 8 successive events.
Can you supply data for the 8 port chip
package thermal characteristics and run some tests.
If you find problems we can change the
numbers to feet your findings. So far we don't such a data
that support your concerns.
Thanks
Yair.
> Peter Schwartz
> Micrel Semiconductor
> Phone: 408.435.2460
> peter.schwartz@xxxxxxxxxx
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dave Dwelley [SMTP:ddwelley@xxxxxxxxxx]
> Sent: Friday, June 15, 2001 9:23
> To: Yair Darshan; 'Karl Nakamura'; 'Donald S. Stewart'; 'R
> karam'; 'Rick Brooks'; 'Lynch, Brian'; 'Peter Schwartz';
> 'scott_burton@xxxxxxxxx'; 'Steve Carlson'; 'rk@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx';
> 'mike_s_mccormack@xxxxxxxxxxx'; 'bruce.inn@xxxxxxxxxx';
> 'henryhinrichs@xxxxxxxxxxxx'; 'Jetzt, John J'
> Cc: 'stds-802-3-pwrviamdi@xxxxxxxx'
> Subject: Re: Startup and PD input cap
>
> Yair -
>
> Your numbers look good. I've been off-line for awhile, but I'm back
> now, at
> least briefly. Here's how I see it (technical first, political
> second):
>
> The 1J number is pretty rough - it's taken off the SOA curves from a
> couple
> of typical, SO8 package FETs.* It does seem to be about right (or
> even a
> little conservative) for the type of packages that a PSE chip might
> be
> packaged in. Since we removed the requirement that multiple ports
> power up
> simultaneously at St. Louis, you're correct in saying that the "N"
> number
> in your equation is 1, not 8. My old 50uF number (actually 77uF) was
> based
> on N=8 - no longer necessary.
>
> Energy in the cap = 0.5*C*V^2
>
> -or-
>
> Max cap for 1J = 2/V^2 = 2/57^2 = 615uF, same as Yair's number.
>
> It's pretty clear that we can ramp this cap up in well under a
> second,
> leaving lots of time for detection and classification. Note also
> that we're
> not spec'ing ramp time to 57V (in the worst case) - only to 44V. If
> max I
> is 400mA and C=470u+20%, then:
>
> ramp up time = C*V/I = 564u*44/0.4 = 62ms
>
> Total energy (this time to 57V, which is what the FET could see
> worst case:
>
> energy = 0.5*564u*57^2 = 0.92J, under 1J (barely).
>
> 470u + 20% is OK from a thermal point of view if N=1. What is the
> tolerance
> of a typical 470u cap?
>
> * Note that I've seen several SOA curves which appear to be VERY
> conservative, based on a single time constant model. They suggest
> that the
> FET is a constant power device below 100ms, not a constant energy
> device. I
> don't believe them.
>
> Now I'm going to take off my technical hat and put on my system
> design hat...
>
> I still think it's a mistake to allow unlimited-inrush PDs! There
> are
> several complications that such devices bring up, like memory in the
> PD
> UVLO circuit, long short circuit timeouts in the PSE, possible large
> dv/dt
> on the wire when the PD UVLO comes on, and very large peak currents
> at the
> PD end of the wire (and the PD end RJ45 jack) when the PD UVLO comes
> on
> (before the PSE current limit circuit kicks in). I agree that the
> circuity
> in the phone is cheaper this way (slightly, and even less down the
> road),
> but I think the corresponding drawbacks make the spec weaker, and
> invite
> creative interpretation by marginal PD vendors that will cause
> interoperability problems and may hinder widespread acceptance of
> the spec.
>
> If we mandate inrush control in the PD in all cases, nearly every
> one of
> the above problems goes away, and interoperability is virtually
> assured (at
> least with regards to power!). There is additional cost in the PD,
> but it
> isn't much... and it the incremental cost will only drop. It's the
> right
> thing to do - even though it now has no impact on my ability to
> integrate a
> PSE chip.
>
> This is the last time I'm going to plead for this - if the consensus
> is
> that the cost savings in the PD is worth the hassle of PSE inrush,
> I'll get
> on the bus.
>
> Dave
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> At 10:13 PM 6/14/2001 +0200, Yair Darshan wrote:
> >Guys
> >
> >I would like to have your comments for the following summary of the
> >calculation procedure for setting the max. PD input cap to be
> handled by the
> >PSE.
> >
> >
> >Target: To make it possible to define more than
> 50uF as the
> >point in which the responsibility for inrush current limiting is
> moved from
> >the PSE to the PD.
> >Incentive: 1. Low cost PD power supply implementations
> works at
> >100KHZ. for 10-12W power supply, max. 470uF is needed. for 5W power
> supply
> >220uF-270uF
> > is needed.
> > Caps lower that 50uF requires high
> frequency
> >switching power supply (around 500KHZ) which costs much more.
> >
> > 1.1 50-60% of the applications are
> 5-8Watts. 30-35%
> >are 10-12Watts. It means that around 95% of the applications will
> need 220uF
> >to 470uF.
> > (Data based on PD power requirement
> survey done
> >during the last 6 month)
> >
> > 2. In order to meets system stability
> criteria as
> >discussed over the reflector during the last 3 weeks, we need to
> keep low
> >L/C ratio at the PD power
> > supply input. Stability criteria
> requires that
> >L/(ESR*C)<< Zin, L inductance, C=Capacitance of the
> > EMI filter, ESR is the equivalent
> series
> >resistance of the Cap.(There are additional stability criteria,
> however this
> >one concerns the EMI filter
> > connected to negative resistance
> network) It
> >means that we need to allow low inductance for a given Cap size or
> Large cap
> >for a
> > given inductor size. In order to
> implement the
> >EMI filter we need the inductor to have 10-500uH (pending on
> topology,
> >switching frequency and EMI
> > requirements) therefor we need Larger
> Caps.
> > Although (2) can be achieved when the
> inrush current
> >limiting is in the PD, It will be cost effective to the system to
> allow
> >larger cap in the PD allowing
> > the PSE to be responsible to limit the
> inrush
> >current pending that it will allow the integrated chip in the PSE.
> >
> >
> >Vport= Port voltage
> >Iport = Port current limit level
> >N= Number of active ports per device(active port=at startup mode).
> >Tc= The time that the port is in current limit situation = The PD
> capacitor
> >charging time.
> >Emax= Max energy aloud on the device.
> >
> >1. Assuming Emax=0.5*N*Vport*Iport*Tc, Energy dissipated on the
> device
> >during startup mode
> >
> >For the following max. values:
> >Vport=57V max.
> >Ip=0.5A max
> >Emax=1Joule (as per Dave data)
> >
> >Assuming that in 8 port device only one port is performing the
> startup mode
> >(we can control the timing) and there is a cooling time until the
> 2nd port
> >will be in startup mode.
> >N=1. (Remember that it is non repetitive operation.)
> >
> >2. Tc max = Emax/(0.5*N*Vport*Iport) =
> 1Joule/(0.5x1*57V*0.5A)=70.16mSec
> >
> >3. Ip*Tc=Cin*Vp
> >
> >4. Cin max=Ip*Tc/Vp=0.5A*70.16mSec/57V = 615uF
> >
> > >From eq. 4 we can have 615uF instead of 50uF.
> >
> >Since the above numbers are worst case calculation, we have the
> following
> >margin:
> >
> >The PSE can be set to 0.4A min. (The calculation in eq-2 was for
> 0.5A)
> >Tc max can be set to 50mSecmin (The result of eq-2 was 70.16mS)
> >
> >According to the above margin Cin max would be: Cin
> >max=0.4A*50mSec/57V=350uF
> >
> >Therfore we have 615uF/350uF ==> 75% margin.
> >
> >In addition, the above calculations assumes repetitive operation
> which is
> >not the case for startup, hence much larger margin, with no effect
> on power
> >supply loss, cable loss etc.
> >
> >We can utilize the numbers that we have used for the normal
> powering mode
> >and use them as a private case for the startup mode:
> >
> >During startup, the PSE will limit its output current to:
> >1. Ip min=0.4 Ipmax=0.5
> >2. Time duration: 50mSec min. 70mSec max.
> >3. Period: 1 sec min. ( To allow low average power in order to
> have
> >enough cooling time. It is similar to the timings of the normal
> operating
> >mode)
> >
> >PD spec.
> >Under the above numbers the PD will be specified as follows.
> >1. Up to 350uF at PD input, PD designer have the following
> resources:
> >2. Ip=0.4A min for 50mSec min.
> >
> >For caps greater than 350uF, the PD designer will take care of
> limiting the
> >inrush current to be 0.4A max (i.e. < 0.4A)
> >
> >
> >Comments
> >
> >Thanks
> >
> >Yair.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Darshan Yair
> >Chief Engineer
> > > PowerDsine Ltd. - Powering Converged Networks
> > > 1 Hanagar St., P.O. Box 7220
> > > Neve Ne'eman Industrial Zone
> > > Hod Hasharon 45421, Israel
> >Tel: +972-9-775-5100, Cell: +972-54-893019
> >Fax: +972-9-775-5111
> > > E-mail: <mailto:yaird@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>.
> > > http://www.powerdsine.com
> > >
> > >
> > >